Financial statements

Definition of financial statements

Financial statements are formal records of a company's financial performance and position, usually presented in the form of reports.

These statements are created using information taken from a company's accounting records and are intended to present an accurate representation of the financial condition and results of the operations of an organization.

Financial statements are widely used by a variety of users such as investors, lenders, suppliers, customers, tax authorities, and others to evaluate the past, present, and future performance of a company.

The most common financial statements are the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of cash flows, and the statement of changes in equity.

They are typically prepared at regular intervals, such as quarterly or annually, to present a company's financial performance over a specific period of time.

Importance of financial statements for businesses

Financial statements are an essential tool for any business, providing a comprehensive overview of the company’s financial health in an easy-to-digest format.

Financial statements play a key role in helping businesses make informed decisions about their future planning and operations.

We can look at four primary purposes for why financial statements are so important for businesses.
The first purpose
To provide information to owners and investors, allowing them to assess their investments and make decisions about where to allocate resources.

Financial statements allow owners and investors to review the overall financial performance of the company and understand how much money it has made or lost in past periods, as well as current trends that may suggest future growth or declines.

This information is vital for making wise investment decisions and ensuring that resources are allocated appropriately to achieve optimal returns on investments.
The second purpose
To provide creditors with the assurance that their loans are sound investments.

Creditors use financial statements to evaluate the creditworthiness of a business before giving out loans or lines of credit.

If creditors cannot confidently assess the solvency of a business based on its reported finances, they will be less likely to grant access to additional funds.

By providing this information through financial statements, businesses can foster trust from creditors which will lead to better loan terms and more affordable financing options moving forward.
The third purpose
Financial statements provide useful insights for management teams when making strategic decisions about the company’s direction and operations.

Through analysis of these reports, executives can identify areas where improvement is needed or opportunities for growth that should be pursued.

Additionally, managers can assess whether current strategies and initiatives are leading the business toward desired objectives by tracking progress over time through reports such as income statements or balance sheets.
The fourth purpose
Government agencies require certain companies – especially publically traded ones – to submit regular financial reports so they can ensure compliance with laws and regulations related to taxes and reporting requirements.

Companies must accurately report their finances in order to contribute accurate data which informs policymakers when determining tax rates or other economic policies that impact businesses throughout the country or even on a global scale.
Financial statements

Types of Financial Statements

Financial statements are documents that provide detailed information about a company's financial position and performance.

There are four primary types of financial statements, namely the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of changes in owners' equity.
1. Balance sheet
The balance sheet is a summary of a company's assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes), and owners' equity (contributed capital and retained earnings) at a point in time.

The assets side lists the resources controlled by the business such as cash, inventory, accounts receivable, investments, land, buildings, and equipment.
2. Income statement
The income statement shows a company’s revenues minus expenses over a specific time period.

It summarizes all sources of income along with associated expenses to compute net income or net loss over the period covered by the report. Revenues include sales revenue, interest income, investment gains or losses, rent revenue, and other types of income generated by operations.

Expenses include salaries and wages paid to employees; cost of goods sold; interest expense on loans; rent payments; depreciation expense on fixed assets; taxes; insurance costs; advertising costs; research & development costs; legal fees and other operating expenses incurred by the business.
3. Cash flow statement
The cash flow statement provides information about how much cash is generated from operational activities versus how much was used for investments or financing over a given period.

Operating activities refer to all transactions related to normal business operations such as buying inventory/materials for production purposes or selling products/services to generate revenue for the company.

Investing activities involve buying property/assets such as plant & equipment or real estate property whereas financing activities can include borrowing money from lenders or issuing shares to investors in return for capital contributions to the business.
4. Statement of changes
The statement of changes in owners’ equity tracks any increase or decrease in shareholders’ equity over time due to profits or losses earned during each accounting period plus any additional contributions made by shareholders either through capital investments (issue of new shares) or dividend payments out of retained earnings/profits earned previously during earlier accounting periods.

This helps demonstrate whether shareholders have gained value over time due to their ownership stake in the company or have lost value due to negative performance over recent accounting periods compared with previous ones.
Financial statements

Steps for creating financial statements

Step 1
Gather all the financial information that is necessary to create the financial statements.

This can include balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and other financial documents. It is important to make sure that all of these documents are up-to-date and accurate.
Step 2
Identify the period of time for which the financial statements will cover—this can be either an annual or quarterly report.

Once this has been determined, data from each period will need to be collected and organized into a cohesive set of financial information.

Step 3
Analyze the compiled data from each period in order to identify trends or interesting facts that could be used in the creation of the financial statements.

For example, if a company saw a significant increase in revenue over time, this should be noted and discussed in the statement.
Step 4
Calculate any ratios or other metrics that will be used when preparing the report.

These ratios can help provide further insights into a company’s performance and aid in making decisions about where investments may need to be made in order for a company to continue performing well financially.
Step 5
Create a template for your report using basic accounting principles as well as any specialized rules that may apply based on industry standards or local laws and regulations.

This template will serve as your guide when filling out your final financial statement document.
Step 6
Begin filling out your report by entering all of your collected financial information into its respective placeholders within the template you created in Step 5.

Make sure to double-check all entries so there are no mistakes when presenting your report later on down the line.
Step 7
After completing all necessary calculations, review your work one last time before presenting it to stakeholders or investors who will rely on this information when making decisions about how their resources should be allocated moving forward.

It is also important at this stage to ensure that all regulations have been followed accurately so as not to run afoul of any legal requirements.
Tools and software that can help businesses create financial statements
Tools and software that can help businesses create financial statements are extremely beneficial for any business owner to stay on top of their finances.

Popular cloud-based software like QuickBooks Online, Xero, FreshBooks, and Wave Accounting allows businesses to easily track income and expenses, manage invoices, reconcile bank accounts, and generate financial reports.
Our bookkeeping services include providing monthly financial statements.

We offer a range of bookkeeping services, including monthly reconciliation, record transactions, and financial statements.
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